Lighting is to light, changing the distribution of light and the distribution of the light source apparatus to achieve the rational use and the purpose to avoid glare. Light from the electric light and shade (controller) supporting components.
This section describes the composition of light, classification and selection methods. By learning to cope with the type commonly used in electric light source and the applicable sites, selection and arrangement of lighting requirements understanding.A commonly used power source and its use1. Commonly used electric light
Electric lighting is an important component of electric light, electric light sources currently used for lighting, according to light theory can be divided into two categories.① thermal radiation source by the use of electrical heating conductor emitting radiation, the principle is made, such as incandescent, halogen, etc.② gas-discharge light source is to use the gas discharge (current through the gas in the process known as gas discharge) is made of the principle of light, such as fluorescent lamps, high pressure mercury lamp, high pressure sodium lamp and tube-shaped xenon lights. The source classification is based on high or low pressure gas discharge lamp within the high and low pressure points.
The following table shows the characteristics of lamps used and the applicable site.
NameCharacteristics, for places
IncandescentFeatures: color is good, turn on the lights that light, continuous dimming, simple, inexpensive, but life is short, light efficiency is low. For bedroom, living room, lobby, rooms, shops, restaurants, corridors, meeting rooms and courtyards, etc.
HalogenHas all the characteristics of incandescent lamps for general lighting, luminous efficiency and life than ordinary incandescent lighting to more than double, and small size. For meeting rooms, exhibition hall, living room, commercial lighting, film and television arena, instrumentation, automotive, aircraft and other special lighting
FluorescentCommonly known as fluorescent lamps. Features: High luminous efficiency, long life, high quality light. Suitable for offices, schools, hospitals, shops and residential
Energy-saving lampsFeatures: High luminous efficiency, energy saving
High-pressure mercury lampFeatures: long life, relatively low cost. Usage: road lighting, indoor and outdoor lighting and commercial lighting industry
High pressure sodium lampFeatures: long life, high luminous efficiency, through the fog and strong. Uses: street lighting, flood lighting, square lighting and industrial lighting
MHFeatures: long life, high luminous efficiency, good color. Usage: industrial lighting, urban lighting engineering lighting, commercial lighting, stadium lighting and road lighting
Xenon tubeFeatures: power, hair-efficient, turn on the lights that light. Uses: Square, airports and seaports
2. Selection of electric lightThe luminous efficiency of various power sources are quite different, the gas-discharge light source than the thermal radiation power is much higher luminous efficiency. Selection shall be based on the requirements of lighting, the use of the workplace environment conditions and light source characteristics of rational choice. Under normal circumstances, may be gradually replaced with a gas-discharge light source radiation light source, and the possible use of high efficiency gas-discharge light source.
Second, the shadeShade is to improve the lighting quality is an important attachment, the main role is to shade light emitted flux redistribution, limit light glare, reducing light pollution and the prevention of, protection against mechanical damage and installation of lighting and fixed light source, and light play a role with the decorative.
Third, the lightingThe main function of light source is a reasonable distribution of radiation flux to meet the environmental and operational requirements with light, and does not produce glare screens and serious reflection. Choose lamps, in addition to consideration of environmental light distribution and glare limitation requirements, we must also consider the efficiency of lighting, choose high efficiency lamps.1. Classification of lamps
The lighting in the actual process, the bare light source is unreasonable, or even allowed, because the bare light will produce glare, light can not shine and many need to work surface and waste, resulting in low light efficiency. Therefore, adjusting the projection direction of the light source, effectively saving energy, you must use the appropriate lighting.Lamp according to the following conditions be classified.① Press the light distribution in space can be divided into direct, semi-direct type, diffuse type, semi-indirect and indirect type.② in accordance with the installation of lighting in buildings can be divided into Ceiling type, embedded in the roof type, hanging, wall and movable type and so on.③ Press the need for use of the environment can be divided into moisture-proof, explosion-proof safe, explosion-proof and corrosion resistant type.
2. Selection of lampsSelection of lamps and lighting requirements relating to specific conditions to be taken into account according to the actual. Consider mainly the following points.① with the light option, which is the required indoor lighting illumination, work surface illumination is uniform, with or without glare and so on.② economic benefits, that meet certain indoor illumination circumstances, the electric power consumption, equipment investment and operating costs of consumption should be properly controlled to obtain better value for money.③ Select the lamps should be considered when the ambient conditions, but also consider the shape of the lamp is coordinated with the building.
3. Lighting layoutLighting should be arranged to meet the following requirements.① required illumination.② work surface illumination uniformity.③ light shooting at the appropriate, non-glare, no shadow.④ bulbs installed capacity to a minimum.⑤ easy to maintain.⑥ neat appearance and arrangement in harmony with the architectural space.
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